予防医学の歴史5

予防医学の歴史5(近代①)

19世紀には産業革命が起き、近代科学は急速な発展を
遂げたが、医学・公衆衛生学も同様に進歩した。

しかし産業革命は労働者の健康を犠牲ににすることで
成り立っており、煙突掃除人に発生した陰嚢癌などで
知られるように、長時間過酷な就労を強いられていた。

その後、Edwin Chadwicの記した「大英帝国における労働者の
衛生状態に関する報告書」ともとに公衆衛生法が制定され、

地方自治体の衛生行政への関与、medical officer of health
という専門家を採用するようになった。

また、John Snowはロンドンでコレラの流行について疫学
調査を行い、汚染された水を飲むとコレラになるという
「経口感染仮設」を立証し、防疫活動を行った。

===========================

・ Chadwic(1800~1890、イギリス)
1842年、「大英帝国における労働者の衛生状態に関する
報告書」を発表

・公衆衛生法(Public Health Act、1848年)
行政が市民の健康に責任を持つ

・Snow(1813~1858、イギリス)
1855年、「コレラの流行様式について」を発表、近代
疫学の基礎とされている

(予防医学テキスト)

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